Some years ago, there was an attempt to optimize this function by using logarithmic division instead. Unfortunately, there were some glaring issues with it that prevented it from working correctly, notably the fact that it failed to take into account the fact that the function that was used as the basis for that optimization only supported 8-bit input values, whereas Sonic 1/2/3K supported 16-bit input values.
Recently, I decided to take my own crack at it, and came up with this:
What I did to get around the input argument limitation was basically just to get the largest of the 2 values (which is needed anyways to do the atan2 calculation properly), and then determine how many bit shifts it would take to get it down into a byte, and then apply that number of bit shifts to both the X and Y (hence, the introduction of WordShiftTable). I'm also using my own generated log2 and atan2 tables. It also takes into account some edge cases regarding the edges of octants.
If there's any further optimizations that can be made, or if there's any issues that I somehow missed, I'd like to hear it. Currently, the worst case scenario for this function is like 246 cycles, and the best case scenario (excluding if both X and Y are 0) in the original is like around the 272 cycles mark.
Recently, I decided to take my own crack at it, and came up with this:
Code:
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
; 2-argument arctangent (angle between (0,0) and (x,y))
; Based on http://codebase64.org/doku.php?id=base:8bit_atan2_8-bit_angle
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
; PARAMETERS:
; d1.w - X value
; d2.w - Y value
; RETURNS:
; d0.b - 2-argument arctangent value (angle between (0,0) and (x,y))
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
CalcAngle:
moveq #0,d0 ; Default to bottom right quadrant
tst.w d1 ; Is the X value negative?
beq.s CalcAngle_XZero ; If the X value is zero, branch
bpl.s CalcAngle_CheckY ; If not, branch
not.w d1 ; If so, get the absolute value
moveq #4,d0 ; Shift to left quadrant
CalcAngle_CheckY:
tst.w d2 ; Is the Y value negative?
beq.s CalcAngle_YZero ; If the Y value is zero, branch
bpl.s CalcAngle_CheckOctet ; If not, branch
not.w d2 ; If so, get the absolute value
addq.b #2,d0 ; Shift to top quadrant
CalcAngle_CheckOctet:
cmp.w d2,d1 ; Are we horizontally closer to the center?
bcc.s CalcAngle_Divide ; If not, branch
exg.l d1,d2 ; If so, divide Y from X instead
addq.b #1,d0 ; Use octant that's horizontally closer to the center
CalcAngle_Divide:
move.w d1,-(sp) ; Shrink X and Y down into bytes
moveq #0,d3
move.b (sp)+,d3
move.b WordShiftTable(pc,d3.w),d3
lsr.w d3,d1
lsr.w d3,d2
lea Log2Table(pc),a2 ; Perform logarithmic division
move.b (a2,d2.w),d2
sub.b (a2,d1.w),d2
bne.s CalcAngle_GetAtan2Val
move.w #$FF,d2 ; Edge case where X and Y values are too close for the division to handle
CalcAngle_GetAtan2Val:
lea Atan2Table(pc),a2 ; Get atan2 value
move.b (a2,d2.w),d2
move.b OctantAdjust(pc,d0.w),d0
eor.b d2,d0
rts
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
CalcAngle_YZero:
tst.b d0 ; Was the X value negated?
beq.s CalcAngle_End ; If not, branch (d0 is already 0, so no need to set it again on branch)
moveq #$FFFFFF80,d0 ; 180 degrees
CalcAngle_End:
rts
CalcAngle_XZero:
tst.w d2 ; Is the Y value negative?
bmi.s CalcAngle_XZeroYNeg ; If so, branch
moveq #$40,d0 ; 90 degrees
rts
CalcAngle_XZeroYNeg:
moveq #$FFFFFFC0,d0 ; 270 degrees
rts
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
OctantAdjust:
dc.b %00000000 ; +X, +Y, |X|>|Y|
dc.b %00111111 ; +X, +Y, |X|<|Y|
dc.b %11111111 ; +X, -Y, |X|>|Y|
dc.b %11000000 ; +X, -Y, |X|<|Y|
dc.b %01111111 ; -X, +Y, |X|>|Y|
dc.b %01000000 ; -X, +Y, |X|<|Y|
dc.b %10000000 ; -X, -Y, |X|>|Y|
dc.b %10111111 ; -X, -Y, |X|<|Y|
WordShiftTable:
dc.b $00, $01, $02, $02, $03, $03, $03, $03
dc.b $04, $04, $04, $04, $04, $04, $04, $04
dc.b $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05
dc.b $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05
dc.b $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06
dc.b $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06
dc.b $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06
dc.b $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $06
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07, $07
Log2Table:
dc.b $00, $00, $1F, $32, $3F, $49, $52, $59
dc.b $5F, $64, $69, $6E, $72, $75, $79, $7C
dc.b $7F, $82, $84, $87, $89, $8C, $8E, $90
dc.b $92, $94, $95, $97, $99, $9A, $9C, $9E
dc.b $9F, $A0, $A2, $A3, $A4, $A6, $A7, $A8
dc.b $A9, $AA, $AC, $AD, $AE, $AF, $B0, $B1
dc.b $B2, $B3, $B4, $B5, $B5, $B6, $B7, $B8
dc.b $B9, $BA, $BA, $BB, $BC, $BD, $BE, $BE
dc.b $BF, $C0, $C0, $C1, $C2, $C2, $C3, $C4
dc.b $C4, $C5, $C6, $C6, $C7, $C8, $C8, $C9
dc.b $C9, $CA, $CA, $CB, $CC, $CC, $CD, $CD
dc.b $CE, $CE, $CF, $CF, $D0, $D0, $D1, $D1
dc.b $D2, $D2, $D3, $D3, $D4, $D4, $D5, $D5
dc.b $D5, $D6, $D6, $D7, $D7, $D8, $D8, $D8
dc.b $D9, $D9, $DA, $DA, $DA, $DB, $DB, $DC
dc.b $DC, $DC, $DD, $DD, $DE, $DE, $DE, $DF
dc.b $DF, $DF, $E0, $E0, $E0, $E1, $E1, $E1
dc.b $E2, $E2, $E2, $E3, $E3, $E3, $E4, $E4
dc.b $E4, $E5, $E5, $E5, $E6, $E6, $E6, $E7
dc.b $E7, $E7, $E8, $E8, $E8, $E8, $E9, $E9
dc.b $E9, $EA, $EA, $EA, $EA, $EB, $EB, $EB
dc.b $EC, $EC, $EC, $EC, $ED, $ED, $ED, $ED
dc.b $EE, $EE, $EE, $EE, $EF, $EF, $EF, $F0
dc.b $F0, $F0, $F0, $F1, $F1, $F1, $F1, $F1
dc.b $F2, $F2, $F2, $F2, $F3, $F3, $F3, $F3
dc.b $F4, $F4, $F4, $F4, $F5, $F5, $F5, $F5
dc.b $F5, $F6, $F6, $F6, $F6, $F7, $F7, $F7
dc.b $F7, $F7, $F8, $F8, $F8, $F8, $F8, $F9
dc.b $F9, $F9, $F9, $F9, $FA, $FA, $FA, $FA
dc.b $FA, $FB, $FB, $FB, $FB, $FB, $FC, $FC
dc.b $FC, $FC, $FC, $FD, $FD, $FD, $FD, $FD
dc.b $FE, $FE, $FE, $FE, $FE, $FE, $FF, $FF
Atan2Table:
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
dc.b $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01, $01
dc.b $01, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02
dc.b $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02
dc.b $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02, $02
dc.b $03, $03, $03, $03, $03, $03, $03, $03
dc.b $03, $03, $03, $03, $03, $03, $03, $03
dc.b $04, $04, $04, $04, $04, $04, $04, $04
dc.b $04, $04, $04, $05, $05, $05, $05, $05
dc.b $05, $05, $05, $05, $05, $06, $06, $06
dc.b $06, $06, $06, $06, $06, $07, $07, $07
dc.b $07, $07, $07, $08, $08, $08, $08, $08
dc.b $08, $09, $09, $09, $09, $09, $09, $0A
dc.b $0A, $0A, $0A, $0B, $0B, $0B, $0B, $0B
dc.b $0C, $0C, $0C, $0C, $0D, $0D, $0D, $0D
dc.b $0E, $0E, $0E, $0F, $0F, $0F, $0F, $10
dc.b $10, $10, $11, $11, $11, $12, $12, $12
dc.b $13, $13, $13, $14, $14, $14, $15, $15
dc.b $16, $16, $16, $17, $17, $17, $18, $18
dc.b $19, $19, $1A, $1A, $1A, $1B, $1B, $1C
dc.b $1C, $1C, $1D, $1D, $1E, $1E, $1F, $1FWhat I did to get around the input argument limitation was basically just to get the largest of the 2 values (which is needed anyways to do the atan2 calculation properly), and then determine how many bit shifts it would take to get it down into a byte, and then apply that number of bit shifts to both the X and Y (hence, the introduction of WordShiftTable). I'm also using my own generated log2 and atan2 tables. It also takes into account some edge cases regarding the edges of octants.
If there's any further optimizations that can be made, or if there's any issues that I somehow missed, I'd like to hear it. Currently, the worst case scenario for this function is like 246 cycles, and the best case scenario (excluding if both X and Y are 0) in the original is like around the 272 cycles mark.
Last edited:
